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Israel's air defense systems simply explained and visually presented
Discover how Israel's advanced air defense systems, including the Iron Dome, ensure the protection of civilians. Find out about their features and effectiveness.
Israel's air defense systems simply explained and visually presented
Iran hit back on Friday morning local time in response to Israeli attacks on military and nuclear targets in Iran. At a time of escalating tensions in the Middle East, Israel is once again drawing on its extensive air defense system, consisting of the Iron Dome, David's Sling and the Arrow system, to protect its citizens.
The Iron Dome System Explained
Development of the Iron Dome first began in 2007. After testing in 2008 and 2009, the first Iron Dome batteries became operational in 2011. The system has since been upgraded several times.
How the Iron Dome works
The Iron Dome is designed to intercept incoming projectiles. Equipped with radar that detects missiles, the system uses a command and control system that quickly calculates whether an incoming projectile poses a threat or is likely to hit an uninhabited area. If the missile poses a threat, the Iron Dome strategically fires missiles from the ground to destroy the incoming threat in the air.
On-site experiences
To those on the ground, a direct interception sounds like a loud bang and can sometimes be felt physically.
Capacity and mobility
There are a total of 10 Iron Dome batteries in Israel, each containing three to four launch pads, according to Raytheon and the Center for Strategic and International Studies. The system is highly mobile and only takes a few hours to set up. The missile interception systems are also extremely maneuverable. They are approximately 3 meters long, have a diameter of around 15 cm and weigh around 90 kilograms when fired.
Costs and financial implications
The Iron Dome warhead reportedly carries 11 kilograms of high-energy explosives. The range is between 4 and 70 km (2.5 to 43 miles).
During wartime, the Iron Dome's operating costs can increase quickly. Each rocket fired costs approximately $40,000, which contributes significantly to the overall costs with thousands of missiles to be intercepted.
The role of the USA in financing
According to the Congressional Research Service, the US government has over $2.9 billion for the Iron Dome program issued. This financial support underlines the strategic importance of the system in Israel's defense architecture.