USA and Iran: Diplomacy in the nuclear dispute - negotiations in Rome!

USA and Iran: Diplomacy in the nuclear dispute - negotiations in Rome!

On Friday, May 21, 2025, the fifth round of negotiations on the controversial nuclear dispute between the USA and Iran will take place in Rome. The announcement took place by Oman's Foreign Minister Badr al-Busaidi on the X. Oman platform takes on the role of an intermediary in these discussions that have become more important in recent months.

At the beginning of the conversations, there was a certain degree of optimism between the two sides. However, after the last meeting in Maskat, significant differences came to light. Analyst Gregory Brew from the Eurasia Group noted that a continuation of the conversations was not surprising despite the existing disagreements. However, he emphasized that a comprehensive agreement remains unlikely without agreement at a central point of dispute.

dispute of the negotiations

The main contestation in the Iran atom program concerns the use of the same. Iran emphasizes that his program is only for civilian purposes, while western governments, especially the United States, fear that Iran will work towards building an atomic bomb. These concerns were further fueled when US President Donald Trump threatened Iran in the event of a failure to negotiate with military violence.

As part of the Vienna Nuclear Agreement, which was signed on July 14, 2015, Iran undertook to consider its nuclear program considerably. The Agreement was signed by the P5+1 countries (USA, Russia, China, France, United Kingdom, Germany) and the European Union, with the aim of controlling the Iranian nuclear program and gradually lifting economic sanctions. This agreement came into force on January 20, 2016 and was approved by Resolution 2231 of the UN Security Council.

consequences of the US exit from the agreement

The hopes for a long -term solution were significantly impaired when Trump unilaterally exit the pact in 2018 and imposed new sanctions against Iran. These sanctions not only affected Iran directly, but also all countries and companies that did business with Iran. After the withdrawal of the United States, Iranian nuclear activities began: Iran crossed the limit values ​​for low -enriched uranium in July 2019 and explained in January 2020 that it would no longer stick to the obligations of the agreement.

The atomic violations of Iran and the increase in enrichments to up to 60 % have significantly shaken international trust. The International Atomic Energy Organization (IAEO) had confirmed by mid-2019 that Iran maintained its obligations as part of the agreement, but the situation has deteriorated drastically since then. Critics of the agreement, such as the United States, Israel and Saudi Arabia, had already stated that Iran could work on nuclear weapons from the start.

The federal government and other international actors continue to try to find a diplomatic solution. The possibility of a return of the US government under President Biden to the Agreement depends crucially on the fact that Iran complies with his contractual obligations again. Negotiations in Vienna last took place from April to June 2021 and November 2021 to March 2022, but were disturbed by the rejection of compromise packages on the part of Iran. The progress in the negotiations does not exist and the international community observes the developments.

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